Dream interpretation is the process of assigning meaning to dreams. In many of the ancient societies, including Egypt and Greece, dreaming was considered a supernatural communication or a means of divine intervention, whose message could be unravelled by those with certain powers. In modern times, various schools of psychology have offered theories about the meaning of dreams.

Concepts Psychosexual development Psychosocial development Conscious • Preconscious • Unconscious Psychic apparatus Id, ego, and super-ego Libido • Drive Transference • Ego defenses • Resistance

Important figures Alfred Adler • Wilfred Bion Nancy Chodorow • Erik Erikson Ronald Fairbairn •Sándor Ferenczi Anna Freud•Sigmund Freud Erich Fromm • Karen Horney Ernest Jones•Carl Jung Melanie Klein Heinz Kohut • Jacques Lacan Margaret Mahler • Otto Rank Wilhelm Reich

Harry Stack Sullivan Susan Sutherland Isaacs Donald Winnicott • Slavoj Žižek

Important works The Interpretation of Dreams Beyond the Pleasure Principle Civilization and Its Discontents

Schools of thought Self psychology • Lacanian • Object relations Interpersonal • Relational Ego psychology